Products include fuels such as gasoline (petrol), diesel, kerosene and jet fuel asphalt and lubricants chemical reagents used to make plastics solvents, textiles, refrigerants, paint, synthetic rubber, fertilizers, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and thousands of others. Once extracted, oil is refined and separated, most easily by distillation, into innumerable products for direct use or use in manufacturing. Recent developments in technologies have also led to the exploitation of other unconventional reserves such as oil sands and oil shale. Drilling is carried out after studies of structural geology, sedimentary basin analysis, and reservoir characterisation. Petroleum is primarily recovered by oil drilling. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both prolonged heat and pressure. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. An oil refinery in Mina Al Ahmadi, Kuwait.
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